Object

Any property of a javascript object may be accessed using either the parenthesis ['propname'] or the dot myObj.propname.

• It the property does not exist on the object, it will return null. Exception will not be thrown.
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Methods

keys()

Just like the Object.keys() method in javascript. Returns an array containing the keys (propery names) of an object.

Returns

Returns an array containing the keys (propery names) of an object.

Example -

var headers = {};
headers['abc'] = 'xyz';
headers['def'] = 123;
headers['ghi'] = '456';      
var keys = headers.keys();
keys.forEach(function(key) {
  console.log(key + ':' + headers[key]);
});
/* outputs
abc:xyz
def:123
ghi:456
*/

values()

Just like the Object.values() method in javascript. Returns an array containing the values (propery values) of an object.

Returns

Returns an array containing the values (propery values) of an object.

Example -

var headers = {};
headers['abc'] = 'xyz';
headers['def'] = 123;
headers['ghi'] = '456';      
headers.values().forEach(function(val) {
  console.log(val);
});
/* outputs
xyz
123
456
*/

entries()

Just like the Object.entries() method in javascript. Returns an array containing the entries of an object where each entry is an object - {key:,value:}

Returns

Returns an array containing the values (propery values) of an object.

Example -

var headers = {};
headers['abc'] = 'xyz';
headers['def'] = 123;
headers['ghi'] = '456';      
headers.entries().forEach(function(entry) {
  console.log(entry.key + ':' + entry.value);
});  
/* outputs
abc:xyz
def:123
ghi:456
*/

path(jsonPath,mapFunction)

The path method is a function that takes a JSON path as a string and an optional mapping function as arguments. The function traverses the object using the provided path and returns a list of the values found at that path.

The optional mapFunction argument is a function that transforms the values found at the JSON path. If a mapFunction is provided, it is applied to each value found at the path.

Parameters

jsonPath (String): The JSON path at which to look for values.
mapFunction (Function, optional): A function to transform the values found at the path. This function is called with one argument: a list containing the current value. Pass null if not needed

Returns

A list of values found at the specified JSON path. If mapFunction is provided, the list will contain the transformed values.

Example -

var obj = {
  'name': 'John',
  'age': 30,
  'city': 'New York'
};
 
var result = obj.path('$.name', (val) => val[0].toUpperCase());
console.log(result); // Outputs: ["J"]

Array

Arrays behave exactly as they would in regular javascript. You can access an item in the array with the index e.g. myArray[0]

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Properties

length

Returns the length of the array. Works exactly like the javascript arrays.

Example:

var numbers = [1, 4, 9];
console.log(roots.length); // 3

Methods

map

The map() method creates a new array populated with the results of calling a provided function on every element in the calling array.

Parameters:

• callback: Function that produces an element of the new array, taking two arguments:
  • currentValue: The current element being processed in the array.
  • index: The index of the current element being processed in the array.

Return value:

A new array with each element being the result of the callback function.

Example:

var numbers = [1, 4, 9];
var squares = numbers.map(function(num, index) {
  return num * num;
});
console.log(squares); // [1, 16, 81]

forEach

Executes a provided function once for each array element.

Parameters:

• callback: Function to execute on each element, taking two arguments:
  • currentValue: The current element being processed.
  • index: The index of the current element being processed.

Return value:

undefined.

Example:

var numbers = [1, 2, 3];
numbers.forEach(function(num, index) {
  console.log('Number:', num, 'at index:', index);
});

reduce

The reduce() method executes a reducer function on each element of the array, resulting in a single output value.

Parameters:

• callback: A function to execute on each element in the array (except for the first, if no initialValue is provided), taking four arguments:
  • accumulator: The accumulator accumulates the callback's return values.
  • currentValue: The current element being processed.
• initialValue (optional): A value to use as the first argument to the first call of the callback.

Return value:

The single value that results from the reduction.

Example:

var numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4];
var sum = numbers.reduce(function(total, num) {
  return total + num;
}, 0);
console.log(sum); // 10

indexOf

Returns the first index at which a given element can be found in the array, or -1 if it is not present.

Parameters:

• searchElement: The element to locate in the array.

Return value:

The first index of the element in the array; -1 if not found.

Example:

var fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cantaloupe', 'blueberry'];
var index = fruits.indexOf('banana');
console.log(index); // 1

join

Joins all elements of an array into a string.

Parameters:

• separator (optional): Specifies a string to separate each pair of adjacent elements of the array. The separator is converted to a string if necessary. If omitted, the array elements are separated with a comma.

Return value:

A string with all array elements joined.

Example:

var elements = ['Fire', 'Air', 'Water'];
console.log(elements.join());      // "Fire,Air,Water"
console.log(elements.join(''));    // "FireAirWater"
console.log(elements.join('-'));   // "Fire-Air-Water"

pop

Removes the last element from an array and returns that element. This method changes the length of the array.

Parameters:

None.

Return value:

The removed element from the array; undefined if the array is empty.

Example:

var plants = ['broccoli', 'cauliflower', 'cabbage', 'kale', 'tomato'];
console.log(plants.pop()); // "tomato"
console.log(plants); // ["broccoli", "cauliflower", "cabbage", "kale"]

push

Adds one or more elements to the end of an array and returns the new length of the array.

Parameters:

• elementN: The elements to add to the end of the array.

Return value:

The new length of the array.

Example:

var animals = ['pigs', 'goats', 'sheep'];
var count = animals.push('cows');
console.log(count);  // 4
console.log(animals); // ["pigs", "goats", "sheep", "cows"]

slice

The slice() method returns a shallow copy of a portion of an array into a new array object selected from start to end (end not included) where start and end represent the index of items in that array. The original array will not be modified.

Parameters:

• start: Zero-based index at which to start extraction.
• end (optional): Zero-based index before which to end extraction. The slice extracts up to but not including end.

Return value:

A new array containing the extracted elements.

Example:

var fruits = ['Banana', 'Orange', 'Lemon', 'Apple', 'Mango'];
var citrus = fruits.slice(1, 3);
console.log(citrus); // ['Orange', 'Lemon']

some

The some() method tests whether at least one element in the array passes the test implemented by the provided function. It returns a Boolean value.

Parameters:

• callback: Function to test for each element, taking one argument:
  • currentValue: The current element being processed in the array.

Return value:

true if the callback function returns a truthy value for any array element; otherwise, false.

Example:

var array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
var even = function(element) {
  return element % 2 === 0;
};
console.log(array.some(even)); // true

every

The every() method tests whether all elements in the array pass the test implemented by the provided function. It returns a Boolean value.

Parameters:

• callback: Function to test for each element, taking one argument:
  • currentValue: The current element being processed in the array.

Return value:

true if the callback function returns a truthy value for every array element; otherwise, false.

Example:

var isBelowThreshold = function(currentValue) {
  return currentValue < 40;
};
var array = [1, 30, 39, 29, 10, 13];
console.log(array.every(isBelowThreshold)); // true

findIndex

The findIndex() method returns the index of the first element in the array that satisfies the provided testing function. Otherwise, it returns -1, indicating that no element passed the test.

Parameters:

• callback: Function to execute on each value in the array, taking one argument:
  • currentValue: The current element being processed.

Return value:

The index of the first element in the array that passes the test; otherwise, -1.

Example:

var array = [5, 12, 8, 130, 44];
var isLargeNumber = function(element) {
  return element > 13;
};
console.log(array.findIndex(isLargeNumber)); // 3

fill

The fill() method changes all elements in an array to a static value, from a start index (default zero) to an end index (default array.length). It returns the modified array.

Parameters:

• value: Value to fill the array with.
• start (optional): Start index, default 0.
• end (optional): End index, default array length.

Return value:

The modified array.

Example:

var array = [1, 2, 3, 4];
console.log(array.fill(0, 2, 4)); // [1, 2, 0, 0]
console.log(array.fill(5, 1)); // [1, 5, 5, 5]
console.log(array.fill(6)); // [6, 6, 6, 6]

shift

The shift() method removes the first element from an array and returns that removed element. This method changes the length of the array.

Parameters:

None.

Return value:

The removed element from the array; null if the array is empty.

Example:

var myFish = ['angel', 'clown', 'mandarin', 'surgeon'];
console.log('Before:', JSON.stringify(myFish));
var shifted = myFish.shift();
console.log('After:', JSON.stringify(myFish));
console.log('Removed:', shifted);
// Before: ["angel", "clown", "mandarin", "surgeon"]
// After: ["clown", "mandarin", "surgeon"]
// Removed: angel

unshift

The unshift() method adds one or more elements to the beginning of an array and returns the new length of the array.

Parameters:

• ...elements: The elements to add to the front of the array.

Return value:

The new length of the array.

Example:

var myArray = [1, 2, 3];
console.log(myArray.unshift(4, 5)); // 5
console.log(myArray); // [4, 5, 1, 2, 3]

splice

The splice() method changes the contents of an array by removing or replacing existing elements and/or adding new elements in place.

Parameters:

• start: The index at which to start changing the array.
• deleteCount: The number of elements in the array to remove from start.
• ...items: The elements to add to the array, beginning from start.

Return value:

An array containing the deleted elements.

Example:

var myFish = ['angel', 'clown', 'drum', 'mandarin', 'sturgeon'];
var removed = myFish.splice(3, 2);
console.log(myFish); // ["angel", "clown", "drum"]
console.log(removed); // ["mandarin", "sturgeon"]

find

The find() method returns the value of the first element in the provided array that satisfies the provided testing function. If no values satisfy the testing function, -1 is returned.

Parameters:

• callback: A function to execute on each value in the array until the function returns true, indicating that the satisfying element was found.

Return value:

The first element in the array that passes the test; -1 if no elements pass the test.

Example:

var array = [5, 12, 8, 130, 44];
var found = array.find(function(element) {
  return element > 10;
});
console.log(found); // 12

includes

The includes() method determines whether an array includes a certain value among its entries, returning true or false as appropriate.

Parameters:

• searchElement: The element to search for.

Return value:

true if the array includes the element, and false otherwise.

Example:

var array = [1, 2, 3];
console.log(array.includes(2)); // true
console.log(array.includes(4)); // false